A buyer persona is a fictional summary of your ideal customer. It sounds like marketing jargon, but without a persona the advertising is for everyone — which usually means for nobody.
In brief
- Build 1–3 personas, not 10.
- Base them on data, not imagination.
- Use the personas to guide ad creative and targeting.
- Update the personas once or twice a year.
What does a persona consist of?
- Demographics (age, gender, location)
- Occupation and role
- Goals and needs
- Challenges and pain points
- Media behaviour
- The buying decision process
- Who influences the decision

Where does the data come from?
- Interviews with current customers — 5–10 interviews is usually enough
- Google Analytics data: demographics and behaviour
- CRM data: transaction history
- Competitor analysis — who they are talking to
How do you use a persona?
- Targeting: on Meta and LinkedIn the persona tells you who sees the ads
- Content: how you write and what you talk about
- Channel choice — where your persona spends time
- Website messaging: what the main headline says

Frequently asked questions
How many personas do I need?
1–3. More gets confusing. Start with one (your best current customers) and add if needed.
Can I use AI to build a persona?
Partly. AI can help with the wording, but the underlying data has to come from interviews and analytics.
How often should a persona be updated?
Once or twice a year is enough, unless your market changes radically.
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